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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 08 September 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Last August was extremely hot in the dry bulk market with rates rising at levels that we have years to witness. The dry bulk index exceeded the 4,0 ...
Wednesday, 01 September 21
KOMIPO TO BUY 1.56 MILLION TONS OF 5600 NAR COAL OF AUSTRALIA OR SOUTH AFRICAN ORIGIN FOR 2022 - 2024
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) has issued an international tender for total 1,560,000 MT of Bituminous Coal to be used a ...
Wednesday, 01 September 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As the summer season is coming to an end, the dry bulk market continues to rally. The confidence that the outstanding freight market performance ha ...
Monday, 30 August 21
68% OF U.S. COAL FLEET RETIREMENTS SINCE 2011 WERE PLANTS FUELED BY BITUMINOUS COAL - EIA
In 2011, the United States had 317.6 gigawatts (GW) of coal-fired electric generation capacity. About 88.7 GW of that capacity was retired in the d ...
Friday, 27 August 21
ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW ABOUT COAL'S MASSIVE RALLY AND NEAR-TERM OUTLOOK - CNBCTV18
Australia’s thermal coal at Newcastle Port, the benchmark for the vast Asian market, has surged over 100 percent this year to trade above $16 ...
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- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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