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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 27 August 21
THE ECONOMICS OF INDONESIA’S DIESEL POWER PLANT TO GAS CONVERSION PLAN ARE PROBLEMATIC - IEEFA
Deploying new small-scale LNG is an uphill battle for PGN
Indonesian gas is currently in a precarious position, where the government needs to ...
Thursday, 26 August 21
INDIA IMPORTED 17.06 MLN TONNES OF LPG IN 2020; UP 11.5% Y-O-Y
Global LPG trade remained fairly positive in 2020, despite the global economic impact from COVID-19, and surged strongly in the first half of 2021. ...
Thursday, 26 August 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
24th of August 2021, the Baltic Dry Index reached 4,201, a YTD high and the highest since May 2010.
Cape 5TC daily average @ 51,472
...
Tuesday, 24 August 21
COAL PRICE RALLY TO PRESSURE CHINESE POWER GENCOS’ MARGINS FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings expects the pressure on Chinese power generation companies’ (gencos) profit from the recent coal price surge to weaken their cr ...
Tuesday, 24 August 21
TIGHT POWER SUPPLY IN CHINA AMID STRONG DEMAND, HIGH COAL PRICES - FITCH RATINGS
China experienced tight power supply in 1H21 on stronger than expected power demand as economic activity continued to recover, Fitch Ratings says i ...
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- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Planning Commission, India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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