We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Thursday, 23 September 21
RECORD-HIGH GAS PRICES AFFECT MANY EUROPEAN CORPORATE SECTORS - FITCH RATINGS
Record-high natural gas prices are putting pressure on supply chains of many European corporate sectors, including non-integrated energy suppliers, ...
Wednesday, 22 September 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The unfolding last week of a trilateral defence pact between the United States, Australia, the United Kingdom (AUKUS) envisages a wide range of col ...
Tuesday, 21 September 21
CHINESE COAL IMPORTS FROM AUSTRALIA DROP 98.6% AS RESTRICTIONS BITE - BIMCO
In the first seven months of the year Chinese coal imports from Australia have totalled just 780,000 tonnes as Chinese restrictions on Australian c ...
Tuesday, 21 September 21
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT RESUMES GROWTH IN AUGUST - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output rose 0.8 percent year on year to 340 million tonnes last month, official data showed.
The growth rate ...
Wednesday, 15 September 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following the oil price sell off during most of August, partly triggered by oil demand fears amid the delta COVID variant, oil prices have resumed ...
|
|
|
Showing 481 to 485 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- The University of Queensland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
|
| |
| |
|
