We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Saturday, 11 September 21
CIL STEPS UP SUPPLY COAL TO POWER SECTOR; PER-DAY AVERAGE 20 PC HIGHER THAN LAST YEAR - PTI
State-owned CIL on Friday said it has stepped up the supply of coal to the power sector in the first eight days of the current month, with an avera ...
Saturday, 11 September 21
RECORD CHINESE COAL FUTURES SIGNAL NEED TO BOOST OUTPUT - REUTERS
China’s coal prices have climbed to a record high, signaling the need for more production in the short term, even as the government tries to ...
Saturday, 11 September 21
IN 2022, EIA EXPECTS U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TO INCREASE BY 47 MMST TO 648 MMST
U.S. Coal production accordng to EIA's forecast, totals 601 million short tons (MMst) in 2021, 66 MMst more than in 2020, EIA's Short-Term ...
Wednesday, 08 September 21
FITCH RATINGS RAISES THERMAL COAL PRICE ASSUMPTIONS ON TIGHT SUPPLY
Fitch Ratings has increased all its Qinhuangdao 5,500kcal/kg price assumptions and short- and medium-term Newcastle 6,000kcal/kg price assumptions ...
Wednesday, 08 September 21
COAL IS STILL KING; INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE ABOVE $150 FOR FIRST TIME IN HISTORY
COALspot.com: The Indonesian Coal Price Reference rose dramatically from US$ 127.05 in February 2011, to a peak of US$ 150.03 in September 2021, be ...
|
|
|
Showing 486 to 490 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- PTC India Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
|
| |
| |
|
