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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 23 August 21
CHINESE COAL PRODUCTION RISES 4.9 PCT IN 1ST 7 MONTHS OF 2021 - NBS
Official figures demonstrated that the Chinese raw coal production surged 4.9 percent annually to 2.26 billion tonnes in the January-July period of ...
Friday, 20 August 21
ARE WE LOOKING AT THE NEXT DRY BULK SUPER CYCLE? IS IT EVEN A CYCLE? - BIMCO
Throughout the first half of the year, talk of a new dry bulk super cycle has been on many lips as commodity prices have soared to multi-year highs ...
Friday, 20 August 21
BIMCO'S SHIPPING NUMBER OF THE WEEK: CHINESE IRON ORE IMPORTS FALL TO 14-MONTH LOW IN JULY - PETER SAND
Chinese iron ore imports fell to 88.5 million tonnes in July, the lowest level since May 2020. The fall in July means that accumulated imports are ...
Friday, 20 August 21
SOARING DEMAND FOR THE WORLD’S LEAST-LIKED COMMODITY SEES THERMAL COAL PRICES JUMP 106% THIS YEAR - CNBC
Soaring electricity demand, infrastructure woes and a surge in global gas prices have triggered an extraordinary rally for the world’s least ...
Friday, 20 August 21
CHINA’S IRON ORE IMPORTS CONTRACTED YEAR-ON-YEAR BY 2% IN 2018 AND GREW YEAR-ON-YEAR BY ONLY 1% IN 2019 - COMMODORE RESEARCH
Examining the last ten years of China’s crude steel output and iron ore imports shows that China’s iron ore imports have stayed r ...
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- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
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