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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 28 September 21
THE MAIDEN EDITION OF DIVE TECHNOLOGY SUMMIT 2021 CONCLUDES SUCCESSFULLY
Press Release: DIVE TECHNOLOGY SUMMIT 2021, a one-day conference on the recent technological advancements in the Industrial Diving industry conclud ...
Monday, 27 September 21
CHINESE COAL FIRMS MEET TO ADDRESS WINTER SUPPLY CHALLENGES - CNBC
Major Chinese coal producers are trying to resolve supply shortages and curb price rises as the country’s winter consumption peak approaches, ...
Saturday, 25 September 21
HIGH STAKES FOR ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK’S AMBITIOUS COAL POWER RETIREMENT PLAN - IEEFA
Implementation challenges could block funding for other equally important high impact clean energy funding strategies
In the lead up ...
Thursday, 23 September 21
LONGER COAL CONTRACTS MAY REIN IN PRICES - ECNS
In China’s coal sector that has been marred recently by price surges, regional authorities and related enterprises should ensure the fuel con ...
Thursday, 23 September 21
BALTIC INDEX HITS 12-YEAR PEAK ON FIRMER VESSELS RATES - REUTERS
The Baltic Exchange’s main dry bulk sea freight index rose for a fourth straight session on Wednesday to a 12-year high, buoyed by higher rat ...
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- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PTC India Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
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