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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 06 October 21
EUROPEAN COAL FUTURES CLIMB TO 13-YEAR PEAK - REUTERS
European coal futures rose to a 13-year high and physical thermal coal prices were at record highs as rallying gas prices and strong Asian demand f ...
Tuesday, 05 October 21
CAPESIZE MARKET WAS IN A STEEP CLIMB FOR MOST OF THIS WEEK - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Capesize
The Capesize market was in a steep climb for most of this week as it reached a pinnacle of $74,786 Wednesday before stalling, regather ...
Wednesday, 29 September 21
THE WRITING IS ON THE WALL: AUSTRALIA’S COAL ERA IS OVER - YAHOO!FINANCE
As the fringe of Australian politics strives to pump up the coal industry, facts show that coal production has started its long run decline.
&n ...
Wednesday, 29 September 21
SURGING COAL PRICES SPLIT ASIAN BUYERS INTO RICH AND POOR - REUTERS
As seaborne coal in Asia trades at, or near, record highs, there are early signs of demand destruction, especially among price-sensitive buyers suc ...
Wednesday, 29 September 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Tanker Asset values have surprised to the upside, despite the downward pressure on the freight market. Tanker rates have been hovering close to the ...
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- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- White Energy Company Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
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