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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 11 October 21
COAL ABANDONMENT IN POWER GENERATION PROMOTED GAS DEMAND GROWTH IN EUROPE - TOP MANAGER: TASS
Accelerated abandonment of coal in power generation and the overall recovery of economic activity facilitated gas demand growth in Europe and led t ...
Saturday, 09 October 21
CHINA POWER CUTS: COAL MINERS ORDERED TO BOOST OUTPUT, SAY REPORTS - BBC
Beijing has reportedly ordered China’s coal mines to boost output as an energy shortage across the country has seen millions of homes and bus ...
Friday, 08 October 21
SEPTEMBER CRUDE OIL TANKER DEMOLISHING HITS 39-MONTHS HIGH AT 1.9M DWT - PETER SAND
Has the lid finally come off for crude oil tanker demolition in 2021? If judged by the 1.9m DWT of capacity that was removed in September, the answ ...
Friday, 08 October 21
COAL SHORTAGE MAY LEAD TO RISE IN STEEL PRICES IN COMING MONTHS: JSPL MD - PTI
Steel prices are expected to increase in the coming months as companies are buying coal at three times the rates a month ago, said a top industry e ...
Wednesday, 06 October 21
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE: ANOTHER MONTH, ANOTHER RALLY
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference in a steep climb for most of second and third quarters of 2021 as it reached a pinnacle of $161.63 Oc ...
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- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
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