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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 13 October 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following up on our insight on May 2021, where we discussed about the Capesize market outlook for the second half of the year, we are pleased to se ...
Wednesday, 13 October 21
FBX INDEX: THE IMPOSSIBILITY OF SHORT-TERM FORECASTING - LARS JENSEN
Will freight rates on Asia-Europe or the Transpacific reach 40.000 USD/FFE in the run-up prior to Chinese New Year 2022? Or will they start droppin ...
Wednesday, 13 October 21
CHINA FLOODS: COAL PRICE HITS FRESH HIGH AS MINES SHUT - BBC
The price of coal used in China’s power plants has surged to a new record high as another of the country’s key mining regions is hit by ...
Tuesday, 12 October 21
BUMA SIGNS CONDITIONAL AGREEMENT FOR AUSTRALIAN ASSET ACQUISITION
PT Tbk. announced that its subsidiary, PT Bukit Makmur Mandiri Utama, through its newly incorporated Australian subsidiary, BUMA International Pty ...
Tuesday, 12 October 21
INDONESIA'S COAL-BASED POWER PLANTS ARE SUBJECT TO CARBON TAX NEXT YEAR, ELECTRICITY COSTS COULD RISE! - CNBC
The Indonesian government is planning plans to implement a carbon tax of IDR 30 per kilogram (kg) of carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) or equivalent ...
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- VISA Power Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
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