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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 15 October 21
GLOBAL STEEL DEMAND GROWTH DOWNGRADED FOR 2021 DUE TO CHINA - WORLD STEEL ASSOCIATION
The World Steel Association (worldsteel) today released an update of its Short Range Outlook (SRO) for 2021 and 2022. worldsteel forecasts that ste ...
Thursday, 14 October 21
SPIKING COAL PRICES: DON’T BLAME THE ENERGY TRANSITION - IEEFA
Volatility highlights urgency for renewables-based energy solutions
“Energy crisis.” The phrase evokes nearly-forgotten ...
Thursday, 14 October 21
EIA FORECASTS U.S. COAL PRODUCTION TOTALS 588 MMST IN 2021, UP 53 MMST YOY
U.S. coal production in EIA's forecasts totals 588 million short tons (MMst) in 2021, 53 MMst more than in 2020.
According ...
Wednesday, 13 October 21
COAL PRICES ARE ROARING BACK AMID A GLOBAL ENERGY CRUNCH - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
Soaring coal prices have placed Australia’s mining and energy exports on track to reach a record $349 billion this year evenas the value of t ...
Wednesday, 13 October 21
CHINA ISN'T THE ONLY HUGE ASIAN ECONOMY WITH A COAL SHORTAGE NOW - CNBC
China is not the only Asian giant grappling with an energy crunch — India is also teetering on the edge of a power crisis.
Mos ...
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- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
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