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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA COAL HITS RECORD HIGH AMID TIGHT SUPPLIES - REUTERS
China coal prices hit a record high on Tuesday buoyed by a widening power crunch and cold weather despite Beijing’s efforts to bolster supply ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
IMO 2020, Ballast Water Treatment regulations, Green Recycling, GHG emissions, EEXI, CII, ETS, Fit for 55, Carbon price/levy, the Poseidon Principl ...
Tuesday, 19 October 21
SPONGE IRON SECTOR MIGHT REPORT NEGATIVE GROWTH DUE TO COAL CRISIS: SIMA - PTI
The domestic sponge iron industry might report a negative growth in the ongoing December quarter “if the shortage of coal is allowed to conti ...
Tuesday, 19 October 21
COAL INDIA, THE FALL GUY FOR POWER CRISIS - INDIA EXPRESS
The post-Covid economic recovery has led to a major increase in the demand for power, both in India and globally. In India, coal-based power plants ...
Saturday, 16 October 21
SOLAR INSTALLATION SURGE PUTS INDIA ON TRACK TO CAP COAL-FIRED POWER AS EARLY AS 2024 - IEEFA
Recent increase in solar power installations could push coal to peak sooner than expected
If India keeps installing solar capacity a ...
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The University of Queensland
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
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