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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 22 October 21
CHINA WANTS TO COOL COAL PRICES. SIMILAR MOVES FOR METALS, CRUDE FAILED - REUTERS
China’s latest attempt to lower runaway commodity prices, this time for thermal coal, is likely to follow a familiar pattern of initial succe ...
Friday, 22 October 21
HARD COAL REMAINS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR SECURITY OF SUPPLY - COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION, GERMANY
- Hard coal remains an important factor for security of supply
- Increase of around 35% in hard-coal-fired power generation in the first three ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S COAL SHORTAGE TO EASE IN COMING MONTHS, INDUSTRY BODY SAYS - REUTERS
China’s coal shortage will likely ease in coming months, with domestic production and imports already showing signs of picking up, a coal ind ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
CHINA'S RAW COAL OUTPUT DROPS IN SEPTEMBER - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output dropped 0.9 percent year on year to 330 million tonnes last month, data from the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ...
Wednesday, 20 October 21
OVER-RELIANCE ON COAL IN OUR POWER MIX HURTING INDIA - LIVEMINT
In spite of the renewables push, coal still accounts for about 50% of India’s installed power capacity. That means a simultaneous demand and ...
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- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Planning Commission, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- White Energy Company Limited
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Parliament of New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
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