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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 25 October 21
A QUESTION OF POSSESSION - THE BALTIC EXCHANGE
Possession and tangibility are closely related concepts long established under English law. Yet a change to these concepts is around the corner. Th ...
Monday, 25 October 21
CHINA VOWS TO SEVERELY PUNISH MARKET VIOLATIONS AMID LOW COAL FUTURES PRICES - GLOBAL TIMES
Domestic coal futures had plunged for three consecutive trading days after the government vowed to crack down on soaring prices, and China’s ...
Monday, 25 October 21
FARMERS MAY JOIN THE COAL COMMODITY MARKET TO REDUCE RISKS - GLOBAL TIMES
A recent trip to by the Global Times to East China’s Shandong Province to get a glimpse of China’s coal supply chain revealed a surpris ...
Monday, 25 October 21
CHINA COAL PRICES MARK WORST WEEK SINCE MAY ON GOVERNMENT INTERVENTION - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal futures plunged on Friday and turned in their worst week in five months, following Beijing’s strongest interventio ...
Friday, 22 October 21
THE BIG PICTURE: ENERGY MARKETS - BREAK WAVE ADVISORS
The shipping markets have been pulled further into wild markets of coal and other energy sources. Given how nebulous this sector is, it’s alw ...
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
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- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Australian Coal Association
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
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