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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 02 February 24
DRY BULK MARKET: THE DOWNWARD REVISION IN THE GROWTH OF CAPESIZE TONNE DAYS IN JANUARY WITH THE BCI DROPPING - MARIA BERTZELETOU
In the last week of January, the dry freight market sustained weakness in the Capesize segment, while the number of ballasters in the Southeast (SE ...
Friday, 02 February 24
COAL INDIA ACHIEVES NEARLY 80% OF ITS FY24 PRODUCTION TARGET IN TEN MONTHS - CNBCTV18
For the month of January, the company’s production grew by 9.1% from the same period last year to 78.4 Million Tonnes (MT), from 71.9 MT last ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
CHINA'S WIND, SOLAR CAPACITY TO OVERTAKE COAL IN 2024 - INDUSTRY BODY, REUTERS REPORTED
China’s installed wind and solar capacity is expected to overtake coal for the first time this year, according to industry forecasts.
&nb ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
ANTI-DEDUCTION CLAUSES: CAN A CHARTERER WITHHOLD HIRE WITHOUT AN OWNER'S CONSENT? - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Summary
In The Anna Dorothea, the Court found that where a charterparty provides that no deduction from hire may be m ...
Thursday, 01 February 24
INDIA REBUILDS COAL STOCKS TO ENSURE ELECTRIC RELIABILITY - REUTERS
India’s electricity supply is much more comfortable at the start of 2024 than in either 2023 or 2022 as coal production has ramped up and the ...
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Showing 41 to 45 news of total 6871 |
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- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Coal Association
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- The University of Queensland
- Planning Commission, India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
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