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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 25 January 24
THE RED SEA ESCALATION IMPLICATIONS ON GLOBAL SEABORNE TRADE - MARIA BERTZELETOU
In recent days, discussions have intensified about the potential impact on the seaborne trade and ton-miles due to the evolving dynamics of market ...
Thursday, 25 January 24
RED SEA SHIPPING DISRUPTIONS KEEP GEOPOLITICAL PREMIUM FOR COMMODITIES - FITCH RATINGS
Shipping disruptions and re-routing away from the Red Sea will maintain the geopolitical premium in the main commodity markets, including for oil a ...
Friday, 19 January 24
INDONESIA TARGETS 710 MLN METRIC TONS COAL OUTPUT IN 2024 AFTER RECORD 2023 - REUTERS
Indonesia, a major thermal coal exporter, aims to produce 710 million metric tons of coal in 2024, its mining minister said on Monday, after postin ...
Friday, 19 January 24
DRUMMOND COLOMBIA COAL OUTPUT ROSE 7.1% IN 2023 - REUTERS
Coal production from miner Drummond’s Colombia operations rose 7.1% in 2023 to 29.5 million metric tons, while exports declined by 2.6% to 27 ...
Friday, 19 January 24
CHINA'S 2023 COAL OUTPUT HITS RECORD HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal output reached a record high in 2023, data from the statistics bureau showed on Wednesday, amid an ongoing focus on energy secur ...
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Australian Coal Association
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
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