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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 23 February 24
STRONG OUTLOOK FOR THE TANKER MARKET IN 2024 AND BEYOND - DNV
Several factors have aligned over the past two years to create a robust and profitable market for tanker owners, which is expected to drive newbuil ...
Friday, 23 February 24
AUSTRALIAN COAL FLOWS TO ASIA HOVER ABOVE LAST YEAR’S VOLUME TONNES - SIGNAL GROUP
In the final days of February, the dry bulk freight market appeared to maintain a relatively stable momentum, particularly evident in the large ves ...
Friday, 23 February 24
RUSSIAN COAL SHIPMENTS FALL 14% AS SANCTIONS BITE - BIMCO
During the first seven weeks of 2024, Russian coal shipments have fallen 14% y/y. Volumes have gradually declined since October 2023 when logistica ...
Thursday, 22 February 24
BIMCO PUBLISHES SHIP FINANCING FORMS TO ENSURE UNINTERRUPTED USE OF SHIPS
BIMCO has published two standard Quiet Enjoyment Letters (QELs), the first standard form QELs available to the industry, to offer a tool that can e ...
Monday, 19 February 24
METALS INVESTMENT: THE DARKEST HOUR IS JUST BEFORE THE DAWN - WOOD MACKENZIE
Things often seem at their worst just before they get better. In terms of meeting our net zero 2050 scenario, we’ve reached a watershed momen ...
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- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The University of Queensland
- Planning Commission, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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