We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 31 January 24
CHINA'S INNER MONGOLIA COAL OUTPUT HIT 1.21B TONS IN 2023 - XINHUA
North China’s Inner Mongolia autonomous region churned out 1.21 billion tons of coal in 2023 as it strives to guarantee the country’s e ...
Wednesday, 31 January 24
GAS EXPORTS COST U.S. CONSUMERS MORE THAN $100 BILLION OVER 16-MONTH PERIOD - IEEFA
Limited Demand Growth Could Dampen the Dry Bulk Market in the Coming Months BIMCOStarting in late 2021—before its invasion of Ukraine—R ...
Tuesday, 30 January 24
LIMITED DEMAND GROWTH COULD DAMPEN THE DRY BULK MARKET IN THE COMING MONTHS - BIMCO
Demand
In our base scenario, we expect cargo demand to grow by 0-1% in 2024 and 0.5-1.5% in 2025. This is a 0.5 percentage point reduction for ...
Friday, 26 January 24
RED SEA DIVERSIONS ADD NEARLY A MILLION DOLLARS PER VOYAGE TO SHIPPING COSTS WHILE DOUBLING TRANSIT TIME - LSEG
The incremental costs of diverting a tanker from Asia to NW Europe via the Cape of Good Hope is accounting for an extra $932,905 USD per voyage whi ...
Friday, 26 January 24
HARD COAL GUARDIAN ANGEL OF THE ENERGY SUPPLY - GERMANY COAL IMPORTERS ASSOCIATION
- No security of supply without hard coal
- The Substitute Power Plant Provision Act (EKBG) must be extended
- Higher grid fees due to the ...
|
|
|
Showing 46 to 50 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- The University of Queensland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Planning Commission, India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Australian Coal Association
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
