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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 26 October 21
CHINA'S COAL-RICH SHANXI BEEFS UP COAL PRODUCTION - XINHUA
Major coal producers in north China’s Shanxi Province, a leading coal-producing region of the country, have beefed up production to ensure en ...
Tuesday, 26 October 21
ENERGY CRISIS SHOWS COAL IS AN EXPENSIVE AND UNRELIABLE SOURCE OF ELECTRICITY GENERATION - IEEFA
Any knee-jerk reaction that urges more investment in coal completely misses the point
India is teetering on the brink of joining a growing glo ...
Tuesday, 26 October 21
CHINA TO INVESTIGATE ENERGY INDEX PROVIDERS IN BID TO TAME COAL PRICES - REUTERS
China said on Monday it will investigate energy price index providers as it urged coal industry participants to “strictly” meet contrac ...
Tuesday, 26 October 21
THERE IS PLENTY OF COAL AND GAS IN THE WORLD BUT A VOLATILE MARKET IS NOBODY'S FRIEND - IEEFA
Gas will be winding its way out of the energy system
Gas prices are continuing to surge around the world. The cost of gas is at unpr ...
Tuesday, 26 October 21
AUSTRALIA EXPORTED 51.6 MLN TONNES OF COAL TO INDIA IN FIRST 10 MONTHS, 19% OF ALL AUSTRALIAN COAL EXPORTS; CHINA WAS THE DESTINATION FOR JUST 0.7% - BANCHERO COSTA
2020 proved to be a truly terrible year for global seaborne coal trade. In 2021 things started pretty badly, but we are seeing increasing signs of ...
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- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- White Energy Company Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
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