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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 01 November 21
COAL PRICES HAVE FURTHER ROOM TO DROP: TOP ECONOMIC PLANNER - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s top economic planner said coal prices have further room to drop on Friday, as the most traded coal futures dropped to below 1,000 yua ...
Saturday, 30 October 21
CHINA'S COAL PRICES SEE BIGGEST WEEKLY FALL IN MORE THAN 5 YEARS - REUTERS
China’s coal futures prices saw their biggest fall in more than five years after the powerful state planner said there is still room to adjus ...
Saturday, 30 October 21
G-20 LEADERS PREPARE STATEMENT TO STOP FUNDING FOREIGN COAL PLANTS - BLOOMBERG
Leaders of the Group of 20 wealthy economies are preparing to pledge to stop funding foreign coal-fired plants, but are still wrangling over climat ...
Friday, 29 October 21
APAC THERMAL COAL SUPPLY TO REMAIN TIGHT AS WINTER LOOMS - FITCH RATINGS
APAC thermal coal prices have surged, hitting historically high levels. The benchmark Newcastle 6,000kcal/kg grade coal reached USD228/tonne in mid ...
Thursday, 28 October 21
CANADA BAN ON SHIPPING COAL WOULD EQUAL SCRAPPING AS MANY AS 3 MILLION CARS - IEEFA
Canada ban on shipping coal would equal scrapping as many as 3 million cars
Change in Canadian policy could have major implications ...
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- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Planning Commission, India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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