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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 04 November 21
FASTER DECARBONISATION: BACK TO BASICS FOR THE MINING INDUSTRY? - WOOD MACKENZIE
To the uninitiated, rugby is a technical and complicated game. As young schoolboys it was all a wee bit confusing and we invariably ended up on the ...
Wednesday, 03 November 21
CHINA TO LAUNCH NEW DATA MONITORING SYSTEM, TARGETING COAL MARKET SPECULATION, HOARDING - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s top economic planner announced on Sunday a new data system for supervising the implementation of medium- and long-term contracts of c ...
Wednesday, 03 November 21
CHINA’S STATE PLANNER SAYS COAL SUPPLY IMPROVING, PRICES STABILISING - REUTERS
China’s coal supply situation has seen significant improvement with joint efforts from coal producers, logistics and downstream users, while ...
Wednesday, 03 November 21
HIGHER COKING COAL PRICES TO PARE PROFITABILITY OF STEELMAKERS IN SECOND HALF OF FY22 - CRISIL RATINGS
The operating margin of primary steelmakers will reduce by a third to 24-26% in the second half of this fiscal versus the first half as input cost ...
Wednesday, 03 November 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
November is here and soon the all time seasonal favorite “all I want or Christmas is you” by Mariah Carey will be played in radio stati ...
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- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
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