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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 11 November 21
ASIA COAL POWER PIPELINE TO SHRINK BY TWO THIRDS AFTER CHINA FINANCE CUT - REUTERS
Asia’s pipeline of proposed coal-fired power plants is expected to shrink from 65 gigawatts to 22 gigawatts following China’s pledge to ...
Tuesday, 09 November 21
ASIA-PACIFIC IS HOME TO SOME OF THE WORLD'S LARGEST CARBON-EMITTERS - 2 CHARTS SHOW ITS RELIANCE ON COAL - CNBC
Asia-Pacific is home to some of the world’s largest carbon emitters — and experts say much of global efforts to fight climate change de ...
Tuesday, 09 November 21
CHINA DAILY COAL OUTPUT HITS MULTI-YEAR PEAK, PRICES EXPECTED TO FALL - REUTERS
China’s daily coal output hit 11.93 million tonnes last week, a multi-year high as more capacity returned to operation, the state planner sai ...
Thursday, 04 November 21
CHINA'S COAL MARKET SEES SIGNIFICANT IMPROVEMENTS: NDRC - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s top economic planner has declared initial success in its efforts to ensure coal supply and stabilize prices, saying that daily coal o ...
Thursday, 04 November 21
CHINA THERMAL COAL PRICES RISE AFTER FALLING FOR 10 DAYS - REUTERS
China thermal coal futures rebounded on Wednesday after falling for 10 days on an expected jump in fuel demand to meet heating needs amid forecasts ...
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- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
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