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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 16 November 21
INDONESIA’S 2022 COAL USE FOR POWER GENERATION SET TO RISE 3% - REUTERS
Indonesia’s coal consumption for power generation is likely to rise by 3.1% next year compared to 2021, the head of the country’s state ...
Tuesday, 16 November 21
CHINA'S MONTHLY COAL OUTPUT RISES TO HIGHEST SINCE MARCH 2015 - REUTERS
China’s October coal output rose to the highest since at least March 2015, after Beijing approved a raft of coal mine expansions to tame reco ...
Friday, 12 November 21
RUSSIA-INDIA COKING COAL DEAL UNLIKELY TO IMPACT PANAMAX SHIPPING - DREWRY
Russia and India have recently entered into an agreement whereby Russia will supply up to 40 million tonnes of coking coal to India every year. Dre ...
Friday, 12 November 21
ASIA COAL POWER PIPELINE TO SHRINK BY TWO THIRDS AFTER CHINA FINANCE CUT - REUTERS
Asia’s pipeline of proposed coal-fired power plants is expected to shrink from 65 gigawatts to 22 gigawatts following China’s pledge to ...
Friday, 12 November 21
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE TOPS $215 A TON; THE HIGHEST COAL PRICE IN HISTORY
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference in a steep climb for most of second half of 2021 as it reached a pinnacle of $215.01 in November 2021 ...
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- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Australian Coal Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Planning Commission, India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- The University of Queensland
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- White Energy Company Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
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