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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 24 November 21
WHY THIS MINING ANALYST IS UPBEAT ON THE IRON ORE PRICE FORECAST - MOTLEY FOOL
In many ways, 2021 can be called the year of the iron ore price. Much of the talk of the ASX town this year has revolved around this key economic m ...
Wednesday, 24 November 21
PRICE OF CHINA’S COAL FUTURE DROPS BY 60% AS NATIONWIDE DAILY OUTPUT REACHES OVER 12 MILLION TONS: NDRC - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s daily coal output has now stabilized after reaching over 12 million tons and the price of coal futures has declined to 800 yuan ($125 ...
Friday, 19 November 21
CHINA: COAL SUPPLIES TO STABILIZE FOR COMING COLD SEASON
China is capable of ensuring stable coal supplies this winter and next spring with the increase in coal production and the rising stockpiles at pow ...
Wednesday, 17 November 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
It has been another declining week for the dry bulk market and evidently, we are seeing asset values gradually losing momentum as well. Following a ...
Tuesday, 16 November 21
EARNINGS RECOVERY IN INDONESIAN COAL TO CONTINUE THROUGH 2021, BUT SLOW IN 2022 - FITCH RATINGS
The recovery in the operating and financial performance of Indonesian coal miners and coal contractors is likely to slow in 2022, but coal prices s ...
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- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Planning Commission, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Australian Coal Association
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- White Energy Company Limited
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
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