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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 26 November 21
CHINA FINDS COMPLIANCE PROBLEMS IN COAL PRICE INDEX PROBE - REUTERS
China’s state planner on Wednesday said it had discovered some “noncompliant” behaviour among coal price index providers as it an ...
Thursday, 25 November 21
SE ASIA POWER DEMAND TO RISE AS STATE SUPPORT MITIGATES COVID-19 IMPACT - FITCH RATINGS
Electricity demand in south-east Asia is likely to increase in 2021, following slow growth or contraction in 2020, thanks to state support that has ...
Thursday, 25 November 21
FITCH RATINGS INCREASES MOST GLOBAL METALS AND MINING PRICE ASSUMPTIONS - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings has increased most metals and mining price assumptions, particularly those that benefit from increased longer-term demand due to glob ...
Thursday, 25 November 21
CHINA'S COAL PRICE DROPS IN MID-NOVEMBER AMID GOVERNMENT’S SWEEPING MEASURES - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s coal prices have dropped significantly in mid-November compared with the beginning of the month, with the price of coking coal and co ...
Wednesday, 24 November 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Inflation is the word that has dominated the meetings of foreign leaders and finance ministers in recent weeks, as rising energy costs, supply chai ...
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- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
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- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
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- Australian Coal Association
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- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
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- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
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- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
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- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
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- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
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- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
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- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
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- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
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- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
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- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
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- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
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- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- White Energy Company Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
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