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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 01 December 21
SUPPLY OF COAL TO POWER PLANTS IN NOV MORE THAN CONSUMPTION: JOSHI - PTI
The supply of coal to power plants in November is more than the consumption, resulting in rise in stock of dry fuel at power plants, and this trend ...
Wednesday, 01 December 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Essentially, anyone involved in the shipping and commodity markets still struggle with commodity supply issues and skyrocketing prices in the conte ...
Tuesday, 30 November 21
CHINA'S TOP ECONOMIC PLANNER SUMMONS COAL PRODUCERS; LONG-TERM PRICING MECHANISM IS ADVISED - GLOBAL TIMES
China’s top economic planner the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) said on Monday that they summoned coal producers for a hea ...
Tuesday, 30 November 21
CHINA'S COAL PRICES PLUNGE AFTER GOVT SIGNALS MORE PRICE REGULATION - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal futures dropped 5.6% on Monday after the state economic planner signaled further regulations for prices of the dirty pow ...
Friday, 26 November 21
AS COAL MARKET STABILIZES, CHINA STEPS UP NATURAL GAS SUPPLY TO MEET WINTER DEMAND - GLOBAL TIMES
The daily supply of natural gas in China has exceeded 1 billion cubic meters (bcm) since November began, up 11 percent year-on-year, data from stat ...
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- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Parliament of New Zealand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Australian Coal Association
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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