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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 07 December 21
COAL FIRMS SEE SHARE PRICES SURGE MONDAY, AFTER GOVERNMENT READJUSTS CONTRACT PRICES - GLOBAL TIMES
Share prices of China’s coal enterprises jumped on Monday on the A-share market following a nationwide adjustment to annual thermal coal pric ...
Monday, 06 December 21
CHINA SETS 2022 ANNUAL THERMAL COAL PRICES AT 700 YUAN/T - MEDIA: REUTERS
China’s top economic planner has proposed to set annual thermal coal prices for 2022 at between 550 yuan and 850 yuan ($86-$133) per tonne, a ...
Thursday, 02 December 21
BUMI RECORDED US$ 666.18 MILLION AS REVENUE IN THE 3RD QUARTER, UP 13.31% YOY
PT Bumi Resources Tbk and its subsidiaries have recorded a surge in revenue in the third quarter of 2021. BUMI has recorded US$ 666.18 million as r ...
Thursday, 02 December 21
CHINA'S COAL CRUNCH IS OVER, BUT PRICES ARE STILL TOO HIGH - REUTERS
China’s coal crisis has largely been resolved with gains in both production and stockpiles sufficient to ensure power supplies over winter.
...
Wednesday, 01 December 21
2022 OUTLOOK: INDONESIAN COAL MINING - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings has a neutral outlook on the Indonesian coal sector for 2022.
Earnings generation should slow down as selling pr ...
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
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