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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 14 December 21
COAL LOCK-IN IN SOUTHEAST ASIA PRESENTS A CHALLENGE FOR THE ASIAN DEVELOPMENT BANK'S COAL RETIREMENT PLAN - IEEFA
In August, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) announced an ambitious plan to buy high emissions coal-fired power plants in Southeast Asia and retire ...
Saturday, 11 December 21
BUNKER BUYERS LOSE UP TO $5/MT FOR NOT COVERING ENOUGH SUPPLIERS - INTEGR8 FUELS
With the Brent price recently touching the $80 mark and before the Omicron variant concerns pushed it lower, bunker prices reached levels not seen ...
Tuesday, 07 December 21
SUPERCYCLE DEMAND: ARE WE THERE YET? - WOOD MACKENZIE
Taking young children on a long journey is fraught with challenges, not least the inevitable question a few minutes after leaving: are we there yet ...
Tuesday, 07 December 21
COAL WOULD REMAIN ENERGY LEADER FOR AT LEAST 15 YEARS - LIVEMINT
Coal India Ltd (CIL) has been in the eye of the storm after fuel stocks at coal-fuelled power plants depleted in October. Fuel stocks since are bei ...
Tuesday, 07 December 21
GLOBAL SHIPPING OUTLOOK TURNS STABLE FROM POSITIVE ON THE BACK OF PEAKING EARNINGS DURING 2021 - MOODY'S
The outlook for the global shipping industry is changed to stable from positive for the next 12 to 18 months due to demand slightly outstripping su ...
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
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