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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 23 December 21
COAL DEMAND TO PEAK IN INDIA BY 2030, WILL BACK UP RENEWABLES: NITI REPORT - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal will remain India’s mainstay energy source and the country will shape global demand this decade, two reports have said a month after the ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
INDONESIA’S 2022 COAL OUTPUT SEEN BETWEEN 637 MLN-664 MLN T- OFFICIAL - REUTERS
Indonesia’s 2022 coal output is estimated at between 637 million to 664 million tonnes based on production plans currently being finalised, s ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
VALE ANNOUNCES THE SALE OF ITS COAL ASSETS
Vale informs that, on this date, it has entered into a binding agreement with Vulcan to sell the Moatize coal mine and the Nacala Logistics Corrido ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
INDIA: CAPTIVE POWER PRODUCERS URGE GOVT TO ENSURE NORMAL COAL SUPPLIES - PTI
A captive power producers’ association has urged the government for 100 per cent normalisation of coal supply to captive power producers whil ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As an outstanding year for the dry bulk freight market comes to a close, so does a thriving year for the SnP market which can only be compared to 2 ...
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- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Australian Coal Association
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
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