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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 05 January 22
CHINA COAL FUTURES SURGE ON SUPPLY WORRIES AMID INDONESIA EXPORT BAN - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal futures surged by as much as 7.8per cent to kick off 2022 on concerns of supply disruptions after Indonesia, its biggest ...
Wednesday, 05 January 22
INDONESIA WARNS COAL SUPPLY CRUNCH NOT OVER AS CHINA PRICES RALLY - REUTERS
Indonesia has warned that its coal supply situation remains critical, ahead of Wednesday’s (Jan 5) review of its export ban, unnerving global ...
Tuesday, 28 December 21
INDIA'S ADANI NEARS FIRST COAL SHIPMENT FROM SHUNNED AUSTRALIAN MINE - REUTERS
India’s Adani Group ADEL.NS is preparing to ship the first coal cargo from Australia’s most controversial mine, after battling a seven- ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
COAL TO STAY AS MAJOR SOURCE OF ENERGY IN FORESEEABLE FUTURE: JOSHI - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal will stay as a major source of energy in the foreseeable future as it is an affordable source of energy with substantial reserve, Parliament w ...
Thursday, 23 December 21
ANNUAL U.S. COAL-FIRED ELECTRICITY GENERATION WILL INCREASE FOR THE FIRST TIME SINCE 2014 - EIA
From December 20 through December 30, Today in Energy will feature some of our favorite articles from 2021. Today’s article was originally pu ...
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- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
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