We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 21 January 22
CHINA'S POWER TRADING TARIFFS TO RISE IN 2022 - FITCH RATINGS
Rising trading volume and higher-than-benchmark tariffs in the 2022 bilateral contracts signed between Chinese power generation companies (gencos) ...
Thursday, 20 January 22
CHINESE COAL JUMPS OVER 6% ON PRE-HOLIDAY SUPPLY WORRY - REUTERS
China’s thermal coal futures soared more than 6% on Wednesday, hitting a level last seen in late November as investors grew concerned over ti ...
Thursday, 20 January 22
VIETNAM: COAL SECTOR SEES POSITIVE PROSPECT IN 2022 - VNA
With many signs of rising demand for coal in various economic sectors in 2022, the Vietnam National Coal – Mineral Industries Group (Vinacomi ...
Wednesday, 19 January 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Since the beginning of the year, we have been witnessing the BDI correcting downwards with sizable drops across all segments. Latest similar levels ...
Sunday, 09 January 22
INDONESIA MINISTER SAYS 'EMERGENCY OVER' ON COAL SUPPLY CRUNCH - REUTERS
Indonesia’s power emergency which has triggered a coal export ban is over but the government will still continue to discuss policies in this ...
|
|
|
Showing 371 to 375 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- The University of Queensland
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
