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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 27 January 22
2022 - A YEAR OF REBALANCING FOR METALS AND MINING - WOOD MACKENZIE
If 2021 was the year of rebound for metals and mining (M&M) commodities, then 2022 is shaping as the year of rebalance, says Wood Mackenzie, a ...
Wednesday, 26 January 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
While it is logical that most of the S&P reports of the first weeks of the year are linked to very limited activity as reflected in the weekly ...
Wednesday, 26 January 22
INDONESIA: DME PROJECT IS ECONOMICALLY VIABLE AS STUDY DEMONSTRATES
The government is encouraging downstream coal processing or increase in coal added value, for example by turning coal into Dimethyl Ether (DME) to ...
Wednesday, 26 January 22
COMMODITY PRICES COULD SOAR IF THE RUSSIA-UKRAINE CRISIS ESCALATES - ING
It appears that a number of commodity markets are starting to at least price in some geopolitical risk around the growing tension between Russia an ...
Wednesday, 26 January 22
INDONESIA'S COAL BAN SENDS PRICES SOARING, OTHER EXPORTERS FAIL TO STEP UP - REUTERS
Indonesia’s short-lived ban on exporting coal has sent ructions through the seaborne market for the fuel in Asia, with the fallout likely to ...
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- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The University of Queensland
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
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