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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 02 February 22
COAL STORAGE IN CHINA’S POWER PLANTS NEAR RECORD HIGHS - XINHUA
Coal inflows into China’s power plants have picked up, bringing their coal storage to near record highs, the National Development and Reform ...
Wednesday, 02 February 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Oil prices have rallied to the highest level since October 2014 breaking above $90/bbl recently. November 2014 was the point when OPEC unleashed pr ...
Monday, 31 January 22
HOW INDONESIA'S COAL EXPORT BAN COULD IMPACT INDIA - IEEFA
What does it mean for power generation and energy security?
Not long ago, India faced coal shortages due to a decline in domestic co ...
Sunday, 30 January 22
AIR PRODUCTS' COAL GASIFICATION PROPOSAL TRIGGERS LOOMING POLICY DISPUTES IN INDONESIA - IEEFA
Plan to substitute Indonesia’s LPG imports with dimethyl ether may be hard to realize due to conflicting business interests
In ...
Sunday, 30 January 22
ENDGAME FOR NEW COAL POWER PROJECTS? - IEEFA INDIA
Retired coal units must be replaced only by assets that can provide grid flexibility
Reportedly, an expert committee appointed by th ...
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- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Coal Association
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- White Energy Company Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
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