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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 04 February 22
RENEWABLES ON THE RISE, COAL CONTINUOUSLY FALLING - EUROPEAN COMMISSION
Although oil (34.5%) and natural gas (23.7%) were still the most important fuel sources in the EU energy mix in 2020, renewable energy’s shar ...
Thursday, 03 February 22
COAL SHORTAGE NOW AT ALARMING LEVELS, SAY ALUMINIUM PRODUCERS - IANS
With no relief in sight despite coal stocks running critically low and production disruptions looming across the Indian aluminium sector, the Alumi ...
Wednesday, 02 February 22
HIGH COKING COAL PRICES PROVIDE GLIMPSE INTO STEELMAKING'S FUTURE - MCKINSEY
Last year was a volatile one in global commodity markets. Demand for coking coal, an essential raw material in the production of steel, was extreme ...
Wednesday, 02 February 22
INDONESIA'S RESTRICTIONS ON COMMODITIES RATTLE MARKETS, MORE MOVES LIKELY - REUTERS
In just the first month of this year, Indonesian policymakers have rattled global markets with restrictions on some of its biggest commodities expo ...
Wednesday, 02 February 22
CHINA'S TOP COAL PRODUCER FORECASTS 28 PCT PROFIT GROWTH IN 2021 - XINHUA
China Shenhua Energy Company Limited, one of the country’s biggest coal producers, said its net profits are expected to jump by 28 percent in ...
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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