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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 10 February 22
EIA ANALYSIS CONSIDERS DIFFERENT OUTCOMES FOR COAL MARKETS IN INDIA AND SOUTHEAST ASIA
In our International Energy Outlook 2021 (IEO2021) Issues in Focus: Uncertainty in Coal Trade in India and Greater Southeast Asia, we analyze three ...
Wednesday, 09 February 22
OIL PRICES: "IT'S GOING TO BE VERY EASY" TO GET TO $100/BARREL, ANALYST SAYS - YAHOO FINANCE
Energy and oil prices have been on fire over the last six months — and expect them to go higher, says one analyst.
“For ...
Wednesday, 09 February 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Iron ore prices have jumped significantly in the week prior to the Chinese New Year with traders and producers stocking up on raw materials. China& ...
Wednesday, 09 February 22
FEBRUARY HBA HITS RECORD HIGH IN 2022 ON INDONESIA’S EXPORT BAN IN JANUARY, WORSEN SUPPLY, UKRAINE TENSIONS
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference for February in a steep climb from January 2022.
As expected in January the Indonesia ...
Wednesday, 09 February 22
CHINESE COAL MARKS BEST DAY IN 4 MONTHS ON TIGHT SUPPLY, HIGH DEMAND - REUTERS
China’s coal futures on Tuesday recorded their best session since Bejing’s mid-October intervention to cool runaway prices, aided by co ...
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- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PTC India Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
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