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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 17 February 22
MAJOR INSTITUTIONS PROVIDED OVER $1.5 TRLN TO COAL SECTOR IN 2019-2021, SAYS NGO GROUP - REUTERS
Financial institutions channelled more than $1.5 trillion into the coal industry in loans and underwriting from January 2019 to November 2021, even ...
Thursday, 17 February 22
APAC THERMAL COAL PRICES TO EASE ON END OF INDONESIA EXPORT BAN - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings-Shanghai/Singapore-14 February 2022: APAC thermal coal prices are likely to come under pressure in the near term due to seasonally we ...
Tuesday, 15 February 22
IS ANOTHER COAL SHORTAGE CRISIS LOOMING OVER INDIA? - BUSINESS STANDARD
In December last year, the Federation of Indian Mineral Industries (FIMI) shot off a letter to the Prime Minister claiming that the coal crisis was ...
Tuesday, 15 February 22
THERMAL COAL'S RECORD PRICE RUN MAY END UP ITS OWN WORST ENEMY - REUTERS
The price of benchmark Australian thermal coal rose last week to trade near record highs, providing a short-term boost to producers but increasing ...
Thursday, 10 February 22
INDONESIA: COAL EXPORT BAN - SKULD
Indonesia's coal export ban in the light of force majeure and off-hire clauses
In January 2022, Indonesia, the world's biggest exporte ...
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- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Parliament of New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
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