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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 08 March 22
RUSSIA-UKRAINE CONFLICT ADDS IMPETUS TO ASIA'S ENERGY TRANSITION - IEEFA
Clean energy alternatives are a crucial hedge against future disruptions in global commodity markets
Russia’s invasion of Ukra ...
Tuesday, 08 March 22
THE HIGH COST OF INDONESIA’S DOWNSTREAM COAL PROJECTS IS UNDERESTIMATED - IEEFA
Three Indonesian ministries have come up with a DME purchase price of US$378/tonne fixed for 20 years compared to IEEFA’s US$601/tonne estima ...
Wednesday, 02 March 22
SHIPPING MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The escalating confrontation between Russia and Ukraine has the potential to disrupt global order and set the world back a few decades. While count ...
Tuesday, 22 February 22
THE DRY BULK MARKET HAS MOVED ON A POSITIVE TRACK - ALLIED
The dry bulk market has moved on a positive track as of the past couple of weeks or so. Following the typical softening in freight conditions durin ...
Tuesday, 22 February 22
CHINA'S DAILY OUTPUT OF COAL REBOUNDS TO OVER 12 MLN TONNES - REUTERS
China’s coal output returned to more than 12 million tonnes per day as of Feb. 20, the country’s state planner said on Monday, a level ...
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- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- The University of Queensland
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
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