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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 29 March 22
MEMR OF INDONESIA HAS FIXED COAL PRICE AT US$ 90 PER TONNE FOR DOMESTIC INDUSTRIES EXCEPT SMELTER INDUSTRIES; FOR PLN USD 70 IS APPLICABLE
Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) Arifin Tasrif has set the selling price of coal for domestic, industrial except metal processing an ...
Monday, 21 March 22
A FORCE MAJEURE TO BE RECKONED WITH - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Sanctions cause payment confusion
This dispute in MUR Shipping BV v. RTI Ltd [2022] EWHC 467 (Comm) related to an owner’s purported exercis ...
Monday, 21 March 22
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT UP 10.3 PCT IN FIRST TWO MONTHS - XINHUA
China’s raw coal output posted fast growth in the first two months of 2022, while coal imports continued to shrink, official data showed.
...
Tuesday, 15 March 22
INDUSTRY VETERANS & ORGANIZATIONS HONOURED WITH THE PRESTIGIOUS SHIPTEK INTERNATIONAL AWARDS 2022
Press Release: The 15th edition of the prestigious ShipTek International Conference & Awards 2022 concluded successfully from March 7th - 8th 2 ...
Tuesday, 15 March 22
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT GROWS TO STABILIZE MARKET SUPPLY - XINHUA
China’s coal market has seen growth in output since late February amid the country’s efforts to stabilize production and ensure supply, ...
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- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
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