We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Friday, 22 March 24
INDONESIA APPROVES 922.14 MLN T COAL PRODUCTION QUOTA FOR 2024, ABOVE TARGET - REUTERS
Indonesia has approved coal production quotas totalling 922.14 million metric tons for 2024, Bambang Suswantono, a senior official at the mining mi ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CHINA COAL INDUSTRY GROUP EXPECTS OUTPUT GROWTH TO SLOW IN 2024 - REUTERS
China’s coal output is expected to increase 36 million metric tons, or 0.8%, to about 4.7 billion tonnes in 2024, a Chinese coal industry gro ...
Monday, 18 March 24
THREE KEY TAKEAWAYS FROM OUR EUROPE GAS MARKETS SHORT-TERM OUTLOOK Q1 2024 - WOOD MACKENZIE
European gas prices are currently back to pre-crisis levels, but with a complex series of factors affecting future supply and demand, are they set ...
Wednesday, 06 March 24
INDONESIA AIMS TO FINISH MINING OUTPUT QUOTAS APPROVAL BY END-MARCH, OFFICIAL SAYS - REUTERS
Indonesia’s has approved the mining production quotarequests from more than 120mineral companies and aims to complete the approval process th ...
Monday, 04 March 24
IS YOUR GUARANTEE A GUARANTEE? NOTE TO SHIPOWNERS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The law of guarantees is not always obvious or easy to understand without proper guidance. This article clarifies the dif ...
|
|
|
Showing 26 to 30 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PTC India Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
