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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 12 June 24
CHINA ACCOUNTS FOR 16.3% OF AUSTRALIA'S COAL EXPORTS, FOLLOWED BY INDIA 14.4% - BANCHERO COSTA
Global coal trade has really picked up pace in recent months, and is now fully back to pre-Covid levels says Banchero Costa in its latest report.
...
Wednesday, 12 June 24
LNG NEWBUILDING VALUES AT RECORD HIGH: 78 NEWBUILD ORDERS PLACED IN 2024, DOUBLING 2023 - VESON NAUTICAL
The number of LNG newbuilding orders have more than doubled from the same period last year where 34 orders were placed, compared to 78 in the first ...
Monday, 10 June 24
CHINA'S MAY COAL IMPORTS RISE 11% ON LOWER DOMESTIC OUTPUT - REUTERS
China’s imports of coal rose 11% in May from a year earlier, customs data and Reuters records showed on Friday, as lower domestic output this ...
Tuesday, 04 June 24
HOW DO WESTERN SANCTIONS ON RUSSIA IMPACT THE GLOBAL METALS, MINING AND COAL MARKETS - WOOD MACKENZIE
The geopolitical landscape for Russia, as a major supplier of various commodities, has undergone a dramatic transformation since the invasion of Uk ...
Friday, 22 March 24
CASE STUDY: DANGERS OF COAL CARGO - SKULD
Recently, a bulk cargo vessel carrying coal from South Africa to Singapore suffered a fatal accident, resulting in the deaths of three crew members ...
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Showing 21 to 25 news of total 6871 |
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- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
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