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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 18 April 22
DEMAND FOR THERMAL COAL TO RISE DUE TO INCREASE IN ELECTRICITY DEMAND: INDIAN COAL MINISTRY - PTI
Coal block allocatees have a golden opportunity to augment production as the demand for thermal coal will rise due to an increase in electricity de ...
Tuesday, 05 April 22
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE HITS RECORD ABOVE $288
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference for April in a steep climb from March 2022.
As expected, Russia – Ukraine war dr ...
Thursday, 31 March 22
CHINA STATE PLANNER ASKS COAL INDEX PROVIDERS TO RECTIFY IRREGULARITIES - REUTERS
China’s state planner has asked some major coal price index providers to rectify “severe irregularities” it had identified in the ...
Thursday, 31 March 22
IMPORTED COAL PRICES TO JUMP 55% IN APR-JUN, IMPACT INDIAN FIRMS: ICRA - LIVEMINT
Supply disruption owing to the Russia-Ukraine conflict could push the price of imported coal by 45-55% in Q1FY23 compared to the previous quarter, ...
Thursday, 31 March 22
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT SET FOR MODERATE GROWTH IN 2022 - INDUSTRY BODY - REUTERS
China is expected to see its coal output to grow further in 2022 after hitting a record last year, an industry body forecast on Wednesday, as the c ...
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Australian Coal Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- White Energy Company Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Planning Commission, India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Parliament of New Zealand
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