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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 30 June 22
FINANCIAL GAINS SUPPORT COAL TRANSITION - BALTIC EXCHANGE
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WHY ARE LNG SHIPPING STOCKS RESILIENT? - DREWRY
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Thursday, 30 June 22
SHANXI PROVINCE RAISES ANNUAL COAL OUTPUT TO 1.3 BILLION TONS TO ENSURE CHINA’S ENERGY SUPPLY - GLOBAL TIMES
North China’s Shanxi Province, a major coal-producing region, recently announced a move to increase its annual coal production output by 107 ...
Thursday, 30 June 22
DIVERGENCE BETWEEN HIGH- AND LOW-GRADE THERMAL COAL PRICES IN APAC TO NARROW - FITCH RATINGS
Prices between high- and low-grade thermal coal in Asia-Pacific (APAC) have diverged since late March 2022, but Fitch Ratings expects the gap to na ...
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- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- The University of Queensland
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- White Energy Company Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
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