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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 30 June 22
INVESTMENT IN GLOBAL COAL SUPPLY CHAIN TO HIT $115 BN IN 2022, LED BY CHINA AND INDIA - BUSINESS LINE
At over $80 billion, China and India are anticipated to make up the bulk of global coal investment in 2022, says IEA.
The investment ...
Wednesday, 29 June 22
LNG MARKET REMAINS TIGHT - INTERMODAL
LNG market remains tight currently, mainly driven by the US LNG outage from the recent fire in Freeport LNG terminal together with the recent fall ...
Wednesday, 29 June 22
CHINA'S NEW PLAN FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY DEVELOPMENT FOCUSES ON CONSUMPTION - FITCH RATINGS
China’s focus on consumption penetration for renewable energy development in its recently released 14th five-year plan – 2021 to 2025 & ...
Wednesday, 29 June 22
APAC CORPORATE SECTOR OUTLOOKS SHIFT AMID GLOBAL SHOCKS - FITCH RATINGS’
Fitch Ratings’ mid-2022 corporate sector outlook review revealed that the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region saw the largest number of sector outlook ...
Thursday, 16 June 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Picking up from my last insight in March, on the early days of the invasion, it's worth pointing out the way that the fast-paced working enviro ...
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- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Coal Association
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
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