We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Saturday, 11 June 22
AIMTEK INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE AND AWARDS
Press Release: The prestigious AIMTEK International Conference and Awards concluded successfully on June 7th, 2022 at Radisson Blu, Yas Island Abu ...
Thursday, 26 May 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The newbuilding market activity has been significantly positive from a dry bulk owner perspective during the first half of 2022. Indeed, the contra ...
Wednesday, 18 May 22
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE DROPPED 4.42% IN MAY
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference for May delivery drops 4.42 per cent month on month.
The Indonesian Coal Price Referen ...
Thursday, 12 May 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Almost through half of the year, the overall shipping market continues to show signs of healthiness, after plenty of festivities and holidays that ...
Wednesday, 27 April 22
EUROPEAN UNION'S LNG IMPORTS - BANCHERO COSTA
In 2021, the European Union (27) was the third largest seaborne importer of LNG in the world, with a 15.8% share.
It followed Mainla ...
|
|
|
Showing 321 to 325 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
|
| |
| |
|
