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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 07 July 22
COAL INDIA'S PRODUCTION SETS RECORD INCREASE OF 29% YOY AT 36 MT IN Q1FY23 - IIFL SECURITIES
Coal India Limited (CIL) has ended April-June quarter FY’23 capping a historic high of 29% yoy output growth, compared to same quarter FY&rsq ...
Wednesday, 06 July 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Following the 3rd Decarbonizing Shipping Forum, held in Hamburg on June 2022, there has been a meaningful resurgence of discussions within the ship ...
Tuesday, 05 July 22
WHY ARE VLSFO PRICES SO HIGH, ESPECIALLY IN SINGAPORE? - STEVE CHRISTY, INTEGR8 FUELS
Tightness in products still trumps talks of recession
Last month we wrote about the fears of recession versus the tightness in product markets ...
Tuesday, 05 July 22
ADANI ENTERPRISES LOWEST BIDDER IN COAL INDIA'S IMPORT TENDER: REPORT - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal India Ltd floated its first import tender on behalf of power companies, where Adani Enterprises Ltd came out to be the lowest bidder, a report ...
Tuesday, 05 July 22
CHINA POLICY KEY FOR IRON ORE OUTLOOK - ING
China’s covid lockdowns and recessionary risks hit iron ore
Iron ore prices have fallen significantly from their year-to-date high of US$ ...
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- The University of Queensland
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
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