We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 04 July 22
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE SLIGHTLY DOWN IN JULY
COALspot.com: Indonesian Coal Price Reference for July delivery drops 1.52 per cent month on month.
The Indonesian Coal Price Refere ...
Sunday, 03 July 22
CHINESE VICE PREMIER STRESSES CLEAN, EFFICIENT USE OF COAL - XINHUA
Chinese Vice Premier Han Zheng has stressed efforts to promote the clean and efficient use of coal, and pursue green, low-carbon and high-quality d ...
Sunday, 03 July 22
SOVEREIGN SECTOR OUTLOOK REVISED TO NEUTRAL ON UKRAINE WAR IMPACT - FITCH RATINGS
The deterioration in global sovereign credit conditions this year relative to our expectations at end-2021 has caused Fitch Ratings to change its g ...
Saturday, 02 July 22
GLOBAL SEABORNE COAL EXPORTS IN 2021 INCREASED BY 4.4% Y-O-Y TO 1147 MLN TONNES - BANCHERO COSTA
In the full 12 months of 2021, global seaborne coal exports increased by +4.4% y-o-y to 1147 mln tonnes, from 1099 mln tonnes in 2020, according to ...
Friday, 01 July 22
INDIA'S TOP CEMENT MAKER PAYING FOR RUSSIAN COAL IN CHINESE YUAN - REUTERS
India’s biggest cement producer, UltraTech Cement ULTC.NS, is importing a cargo of Russian coal and paying using Chinese yuan, according to a ...
|
|
|
Showing 306 to 310 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Planning Commission, India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
|
| |
| |
|
