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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 13 July 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Taking the previous market insight a step further, market sentiment remains bullish regarding the overall ROI of scrubbers, facing tailwinds from a ...
Friday, 08 July 22
AUSTRALIAN COAL PRICE BREAKS AGAIN LEVEL US$ 400/TON!, UP AROUND 4% - CNBC INDONESIA
Coal prices shot up again and crossed the level of US$ 400 per ton. On Thursday (7/7/2022) trading, the selling price of August contract closed at ...
Friday, 08 July 22
INDONESIA MULLS MORE FREQUENT SETTING OF CRUDE PALM OIL REFERENCE PRICE - REUTERS
Indonesia is considering setting its crude palm oil (CPO) export reference price every two weeks instead of monthly, a senior trade ministry offici ...
Friday, 08 July 22
BUNKER PRICES EXPECTED TO RECOVER LOST GROUND NEXT WEEK - SERGEY IVANOV, MABUX
Over the Week 27, the world bunker indices showed a sharp decline, primarily due to the fall in oil prices on July 05. The 380 HSFO index fell by 5 ...
Thursday, 07 July 22
NTPC MINES 61% MORE COAL AT 4.22 MN METRIC TONNES IN APRIL-JUNE: PTI
State-owned power giant NTPC on Tuesday said that its coal output grew by 61 per cent to Rs 42.40 lakh metric tonnes in April-June quarter from 26. ...
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- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PTC India Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- The University of Queensland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Planning Commission, India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Australian Coal Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- MS Steel International - UAE
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
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