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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 19 July 22
SEEING RED? - WOOD MACKENZIE
What a Republican mid-term victory could mean for US energy and climate policy
According to current polling the Republican Party has ...
Thursday, 14 July 22
INDIA'S COAL IMPORTS HIT RECORD HIGH IN JUNE - REUTERS
India's coal imports hit a record high in June despite high global prices, data from three trade sources and Refinitiv ship tracking showed, as ...
Thursday, 14 July 22
CHINA'S JUNE COAL IMPORTS SLUMP AS TRADERS SHUN EXPENSIVE OVERSEAS CARGOES - REUTERS
China’s coal imports fell 33% in June from a year ago, with traders turning down expensive overseas cargoes in favor of domestic ones with ca ...
Wednesday, 13 July 22
KOWEPO TO IMPORT 2.79 MILLION TONS OF LOW TO MEDIUM COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Western Power Co., Ltd. (KOWEPO) has issued an International tender for Total 1360k MT of Min.4400 kcal/kg NCV coal and Total 1 ...
Wednesday, 13 July 22
HAVE MINERS MISSED THE BOAT TO INVEST AND GET AHEAD OF THE ENERGY TRANSITION? - WOOD MACKENZIE
Miners are in rude health, benefiting from economic stimuli, the post-pandemic recovery and associated supply constraints. Initially the Ukraine wa ...
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- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Coal Association
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The University of Queensland
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
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