We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 19 July 22
DRY BULK MARKET: CAPESIZE MARKET FIRMS THIS WEEK - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Capesize
Firmer sentiment across both basins pushed the Capesize 5TC route average above the $20,000 threshold this week, closing at $24,209. A ...
Tuesday, 19 July 22
WHY SHIPPING MIGHT BE ABOUT TO GET A LITTLE BIT SLOWER - WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM
If shipping is the beating heart of global trade, its pulse is about to get slower.
Faced with uncertainty about which fuels to use in the long ...
Tuesday, 19 July 22
GERMANY'S INCREASED COAL, OIL USE WILL BE TEMPORARY, SCHOLZ SAYS - CNBC
Chancellor Olaf Scholz says Germany’s decision to reactivate coal and oil-fired power plants to relieve energy shortages because of the war i ...
Tuesday, 19 July 22
INDONESIA REMOVES PALM OIL EXPORT LEVY UNTIL AUG. 31 - REUTERS
Indonesia has scrapped its export levy for all palm oil products until Aug. 31 in a fresh attempt to boost exports and ease high inventories, finan ...
Tuesday, 19 July 22
CHINA'S JUNE DAILY COAL OUTPUT JUMPS ON PEAK SUMMER DEMAND - REUTERS
China’s daily coal output in June rose 6.6 per cent from a month earlier as miners cranked up output ahead of peak summer temperatures, when ...
|
|
|
Showing 286 to 290 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
|
| |
| |
|
