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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 24 June 24
PHILIPPINES COAL SUPPLY ENOUGH UNTIL 2030 - PHILSTAR GLOBAL
The country’s existing coal-fired power plants are sufficient to ensure enough base load capacity in the next six years, Energy Secretary Rap ...
Friday, 14 June 24
NEXTDECADE, SAUDI ARAMCO SIGN 20-YEAR LNG SUPPLY DEAL - REUTERS
U.S. liquefied natural gas (LNG) provider NextDecade has signed a non-binding agreement with Saudi Aramco 2222.SE to supply 1.2 million tonnes per ...
Friday, 14 June 24
NEWBUILDING PRICES CLIMB 3% TO HIGHEST LEVEL IN 16 YEARS - NIELS RASMUSSEN
“Since the start of the year, newbuilding prices have risen 3% to their highest level since 2008. Compared to their most recent low in late 2 ...
Friday, 14 June 24
INDIA TARGETS HIGHER DOMESTIC COAL PRODUCTION, REDUCED IMPORTS: GOVT - REUTERS
India wants to reduce coal imports and increase domestic production, federal coal minister G. Kishan Reddy said on Thursday.
The cou ...
Thursday, 13 June 24
US LNG TO ASIA FOR POWER GENERATION EXPECTED TO CUT EMISSIONS VERSUS COAL - RYSTAD ENERGY
The value-chain emissions of liquified natural gas (LNG) are lower on average than for coal-fired power generation, even when the fuel is shipp ...
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- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Planning Commission, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Coal Association
- White Energy Company Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
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