We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Saturday, 23 July 22
STABILITY OF RUSSIAN GAS FLOWS REMAIN UNCERTAIN, DESPITE THE REOPENING OF NORD STREAM - WOOD MACKENZIE
Gazprom confirmed today that regular annual maintenance of Nord Stream is officially over and gas flows restarted at 63 million cubic metres per da ...
Friday, 22 July 22
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Faced with uncertainty regarding the most cost-efficient alternative fuels and the future dominant method to reduce their greenhouse emissions, man ...
Friday, 22 July 22
YANCOAL AUSTRALIA CUTS 2022 COAL OUTPUT VIEW AS FLOODS, COVID BITE - REUTERS
Coal miner Yancoal Australia Ltd YAL.AX cut its 2022 output forecast on Wednesday, signalling a hit from higher-than-expected rainfall, COVID-19-le ...
Wednesday, 20 July 22
BOOST FOR BIOFUELS AS IMO REMOVES REGULATORY HURDLE - GARD
MARPOL Annex VI regulations were written for petroleum derived fuels but also apply to biofuels. It has been a challenge to meet the regulatory req ...
Wednesday, 20 July 22
INDONESIA’S COAL EXPORTS TO THE EU INCREASED SIGNIFICANTLY RECENTLY
European countries have increased coal imports from Indonesia due to the energy crisis that hit the region after Russia cuts gas exports to Europe. ...
|
|
|
Showing 281 to 285 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
|
| |
| |
|
